Résumé
Hypoxic exposure is safely associated with exercise for many pathological conditions, providing additional effects on health outcomes. COVID-19 is a new disease, so the physiological repercussions caused by exercise in affected patients and the safety of exposure to hypoxia in these conditions are still unknown. Due to the effects of the disease on the respiratory system and following the sequence of AEROBICOVID research work, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, tolerance and acute safety of 24 bicycle training sessions performed under intermittent hypoxic conditions through analysis of peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration ([La-]) and symptoms of acute mountain sickness in patients recovered from COVID-19. Participants were allocated to three training groups: the normoxia group (GN) remained in normoxia (inspired fraction of O2 (FiO2) of â¼20.9%, a city with 526 m altitude) for the entire session; the recovery hypoxia group (GHR) was exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 â¼13.5%, corresponding to 3,000 m altitude) all the time except during the effort; the hypoxia group (GH) trained in hypoxia (FiO2 â¼13.5%) throughout the session. The altitude simulation effectively reduced SpO2 mean with significant differences between groups GN, GHR, and GH, being 96.9(1.6), 95.1(3.1), and 87.7(6.5), respectively. Additionally, the proposed exercise and hypoxic stimulus was well-tolerated, since 93% of participants showed no or moderate acute mountain sickness symptoms; maintained nearly 80% of sets at target heart rate; and most frequently reporting session intensity as an RPE of "3" (moderate). The internal load calculation, analyzed through training impulse (TRIMP), calculated using HR [TRIMPHR = HR * training volume (min)] and RPE [TRIMPRPE = RPE * training volume (min)], showed no significant difference between groups. The current strategy effectively promoted the altitude simulation and monitoring variables, being well-tolerated and safely acute exposure, as the low Lake Louise scores and the stable HR, SpO2, and RPE values showed during the sessions.
Résumé
Background: Due to the health restrictions put in place to face the pandemic, a decrease in the levels of physical activity and an alteration in the quality of sleep have been observed. One group susceptible to these changes is represented by students of physical education pedagogy, who, under normal conditions, present high levels of physical activity. However, the correlation between these variables has not been studied in the context of a pandemic lockdown. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the quality of sleep and physical activity level as a function of gender and evaluate the association between quality of sleep and physical activity level in physical education pedagogy students during the COVID-19 pandemic considering sociodemographic and health characteristics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire was applied to 280 Chilean university students of physical education pedagogy. The survey considered sociodemographic information, healthy habits, and self-reported health and included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity levels and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality. Results: The prevalence of good sleep quality was 20.4%. Furthermore, 52.9% of students had a high level of physical activity. Regression analysis between PSQI global score and age-adjusted physical activity levels indicated that being male and presenting a high level of physical activity favored a better PSQI global score. Conclusions: The prevalence of good sleep quality was low in general and significantly lower in women. Being male and having a high level of physical activity during quarantine benefits good sleep quality, regardless of age.
Résumé
Durante el periodo de confinamiento, la educación universitaria fue impartida bajo modalidad virtual, pudiendo repercutir en los estilos de vida saludable de los estudiantes. El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre rendimiento académico, actividad física y calidad de sueño, y determinar las diferencias existentes según género en estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física durante la pandemia en el año 2020. Se realizó un diseño transversal multicéntrico, en 278 universitarios pertenecientes a las ciudades de Santiago, Talca y Temuco;Chile. Se aplicó una encuesta online desde julio a diciembre, incluyendo preguntas sobre actividad física (Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física, IPAQ), calidad del sueño (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) e información sociodemográfica. En los resultados, las mujeres presentaron mejor rendimiento académico, peor calidad del sueño, y similar actividad física-METs respecto a los hombres. Las mujeres (β = 0.26, IC 95% 0.10 a 0.43 puntos, p = .002), y aquellos universitarios que presentaron un peor indicador en la calidad subjetiva del sueño (β = 0.11, IC 95% 0.02 a 0.20 puntos;p = .014) obtuvieron mejor rendimiento académico en contexto por COVID-19. No existió asociación entre rendimiento académico y actividad Física. Es importante buscar estrategias que permitan un adecuado rendimiento académico, y también favorecer hábitos saludables en esta población.Alternate : During the period of confinement, university education was delivered in a virtual modality, which could have an impact on the healthy lifestyles of students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between academic performance, physical activity, and sleep quality and determine the existing differences by gender in Physical Education Pedagogy students during the pandemic in 2020. This study was designed as a multicenter, cross-sectional study of 278 university students from Santiago, Talca, and Temuco, Chile. An online survey was applied from July to December, which included questions on physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and sociodemographic information. The results show that women presented better academic performance, worse quality of sleep, and similar physical activity-MET than men. The women (β = 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.43 points, p = .002) and those university students who presented a worse indicator in subjective quality of sleep (β = 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 at 0.20 points, p = .014) obtained better academic performance in the context of COVID-19. There was no association between academic performance and physical activity. It is essential to look for strategies that allow students to have adequate academic performance and promote healthy habits in this population.
Résumé
During the period of confinement, university education was delivered in a virtual modality, which could have an impact on the healthy lifestyles of students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between academic performance, physical activity, and sleep quality and determine the existing differences by gender in Physical Education Pedagogy students during the pandemic in 2020. This study was designed as a multicenter, cross-sectional study of 278 university students from Santiago, Talca, and Temuco, Chile. An online survey was applied from July to December, which included questions on physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and sociodemographic information. The results show that women presented better academic performance, worse quality of sleep, and similar physical activity-MET than men. The women (β = 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.43 points, p = .002) and those university students who presented a worse indicator in subjective quality of sleep (β = 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 at 0.20 points, p = .014) obtained better academic performance in the context of COVID-19. There was no association between academic performance and physical activity. It is essential to look for strategies that allow students to have adequate academic performance and promote healthy habits in this population.Alternate : Durante el periodo de confinamiento, la educación universitaria fue impartida bajo modalidad virtual, pudiendo repercutir en los estilos de vida saludable de los estudiantes. El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre rendimiento académico, actividad física y calidad de sueño, y determinar las diferencias existentes según género en estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física durante la pandemia en el año 2020. Se realizó un diseño transversal multicéntrico, en 278 universitarios pertenecientes a las ciudades de Santiago, Talca y Temuco;Chile. Se aplicó una encuesta online desde julio a diciembre, incluyendo preguntas sobre actividad física (Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física, IPAQ), calidad del sueño (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) e información sociodemográfica. En los resultados, las mujeres presentaron mejor rendimiento académico, peor calidad del sueño, y similar actividad física-METs respecto a los hombres. Las mujeres (β = 0.26, IC 95% 0.10 a 0.43 puntos, p = .002), y aquellos universitarios que presentaron un peor indicador en la calidad subjetiva del sueño (β = 0.11, IC 95% 0.02 a 0.20 puntos;p = .014) obtuvieron mejor rendimiento académico en contexto por COVID-19. No existió asociación entre rendimiento académico y actividad Física. Es importante buscar estrategias que permitan un adecuado rendimiento académico, y también favorecer hábitos saludables en esta población.
Résumé
Before COVID-19, one of the most dangerous pandemics of the 21st century was physical inactivity (PI). Sedentary habits had increased in the last decades, reducing physical condition and increasing non-communicable diseases and mental disorders in the population. This study aimed to analyse the relationships between physical activity level (PAL) and the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders in Spanish young aged 15-35 years and to calculate the odd ratio (OR) of developing from these mental disorders in inactive young people, based on PAL. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 with 4195 participants was conducted. A descriptive analysis was performed. Possible differences between groups were analysed using the non-parametric statistical tests. OR and relative risks for mental disorders in inactive versus others PAL were calculated. RESULTS: Dependence relationships were found between PAL and the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders (p < 0.001). In addition, the risk of developing: anxiety (OR: 6.14. 95% CI: 3.28-11.50), depression (OR: 5.35. 95% CI: 2.40-11.96), and other mental disorders (OR: 8.52. 95% CI: 2.90-25.06) was higher in inactive young people. CONCLUSIONS: PI is associated to high risk of mental disorders in Spanish young people.
Résumé
The coach-parent relationship can significantly influence the sport participation, personal development, and sports performance of young athletes. This study aimed to investigate the coach's perception of parent's attitudes regarding competition attitude, the communication with the coach, and the environment during training sessions, taking into account the coaches' sex, type of institution, or sport modality grouped into individual and collective sports. For this, a total of 159 coaches (22 females and 137 males) responded to the Questionnaire for Sports Coaches about their Opinion on the Attitudes of Fathers and Mothers in Sports (CTPMD). It analyses three factors: (1) competition attitude, (2) communication, and (3) environment. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was necessary to assess the model's goodness of fit on each factor and to calculate the Cronbach's Alpha, the average variance extracted, and the composite reliability to analyze the instrument reliability. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed through the Mann-Whitney U and Rosenthal r statistical tests. The results showed significant differences in the competition attitude factor regarding type of institution (U = 1964.500; p-value < 0.001; r = 0.31), in favour of public institutions. There were also significant differences in the communication factor according to the coaches' sex (U = 1112.000; p-value = 0.04; r = 0.16), with females' coaches perceiving worse communication with parents than male coaches. This could be relevant because it negatively influences adherence to physical activity in children and adolescents, and therefore, their health.
Sujets)
Sports , Adolescent , Attitude , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Perception , Reproductibilité des résultats , Établissements scolairesRésumé
BACKGROUND: Recent studies point to a lower number and reduced severity of cases in higher altitude cities with decreased oxygen concentration. Specific literature has shown several benefits of physical training, so, in this sense, physical training with hypoxic stimulus appears as an alternative that supports the conventional treatments of the COVID-19 patient's recovery. Thus, this study's primary aim is to analyze the effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes in COVID-19 recovered patients. METHODS: A clinical trial controlled double-blind study was designed. Participants (30-69 years old) will be recruited among those with moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms, approximately 30 days after recovery. They will be included in groups according to the training (T) and recovery (R) association with hypoxia (H) or normoxia (N): (a) TH:RH, (b) TN:RH, (c) TN:RN, and last (d) the control group. The 8-week exercise bike intervention will be carried out with a gradual load increase according to the established periods, three times a week in sets of 5 min, 90 to 100% of the anaerobic threshold (AT), and a 2.5-min break. Blood will be collected for genotyping. First, after 4 weeks (partial), after 8 weeks, and later, 4 weeks after the end of the physical training intervention, participants will perform assessments. The primary outcome is the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2peak). The secondary outcomes include lung function, inflammatory mediators, hematological, autonomic parameters, AT, body composition analysis, quality of life, mental health, anthropometric measurements, and physical fitness. The statistical analysis will be executed using the linear regression model with mixed effects at a 5% significance level. DISCUSSION: This study is designed to provide evidence to support the clinical benefits of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training as a part of the treatment of patients recovered from COVID-19. It may also provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of intermittent hypoxic training in different health conditions. Lastly, this study presents an innovative strategy enabling up to 16 participants in the same training session. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov RBR-5d7hkv. Registered after the start of inclusion on 3 November 2020 with the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry.